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 Işık saçan algler vücut fenerlerini aydınlatmak için çeşitli kimyasalları biraraya getirmektedirler.

Nasrullah Camii

 

Nasrullah Camii ve Meydanı

Kastamonu

En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Oscarları

 

1927- 1928 - Janet Gaynor, 'Seventh Heaven, Street Angel;  Sunrise'

1928- 1929 - Mary Pickford, 'Coquette'

1929- 1930 - Norma Shearer, 'The Divorcee'

1930- 1931 - Marie Dressler, 'Min and Bill' 

1931- 1932 - Helen Hayes, 'The Sin of Madelon Claudet'

1932- 1933 - Katherine Hepburn, 'Morning Glory'

1934 -Claudette Colbert, 'It Happened One Night'

1935 - Bette Davis, 'Dangerous'

1936 - Luise Rainer, 'The Great Ziegfeld'

1937 - Luise Rainer, 'The Good Earth'

1938 - Bette Davis, 'Jezebel'

1939 - Vivien Leigh, 'Gone With the Wind'

1940 - Ginger Rogers, 'Kitty Foyle'

1941 - Joan Fontaine, 'Suspicion'

1942 - Greer Garson, 'Mrs. Miniver'

1943 - Jennifer Jones, 'The Song of Bernadette'

1944 - Ingrid Bergman, 'Gaslight'

1945 - Joan Crawford, 'Mildred Pirece'

1946 - Olivia de Havilland, 'To Each His Own'

1947 - Loretta Young, ‘The Farmer's Daughter’

1948 - Jane Wyman, ‘Johnny Belinda’

1949 - Olivia de Havilland, ‘The Heiress’

1950 - Judy Holliday, ‘Born Yesterday’

1951 - Vivien Leigh, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’

1952 - Shirley Booth, ‘Come Back, Little Sheba’

1953 - Audrey Hepburn, ‘Roman Holiday’

1954 - Grace Kelly, ‘The Country Girl’

1955 - Anna Magnani, ‘The Rose Tattoo’

1956 - Ingrid Bergman, ‘Anastasia’

1957 - Joanne Woodward, ‘The Three Faces of Eve’

1958 - Susan Hayward, ‘I Want to Live!’

1959 - Simone Signoret, 'Room at the Top'

1960 - Elizabeth Taylor, 'Butterfield B'

1961 - Sophia Loren, 'Two Women'

1962 - Anne Bancroft, 'The Miracle Worker'

1963 - Patricia Neal, 'Hud'

1964 - Julie Andrews, 'Mary Poppins'

1965 - Julie Christie, 'Darling'

1966 - Elizabeth Taylor, 'Who's Afraid of the Virginia Woolf'

1967 - Katherine Hepburn, 'Guess Who's Coming to Dinner'

1968 - Katherine Hepburn, 'The Lion in Winter', Barbra Streisand 'Funny Girl'

1969 - Dame Maggie, 'Smith The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie'

1970 - Glenda Jackson, 'Women in Love'

1971 - Jane Fonda, 'Klute'

1972 - Liza Minnelli, 'Cabaret'

1973 - Glenda Jackson, 'A Touch of Class'

1974 - Ellen Burstyn, 'Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore'

1975 - Louise Fletcher, 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'

1976 - Faye Dunaway, 'Network'

1977 - Diane Keaton, 'Annie Hall'

1978 - Jane Fonda, 'Coming Home'

1979 - Sally Field, 'Norma Rae'

1980 - Sissy Spacek, 'Coal Miners Daughter'

1981 - Katherine Hepburn, 'On Golden Pond'

1982 - Meryl Streep, 'Sophie's Choice'

1983 - Shirley McLaine, 'Terms of Endearment'

1984 - Sally Field, 'Places in the Heart'

1985 - Geraldine Page, 'The Trip to Bountiful'

1986 - Marlee Martin, 'Children of a Lesser God'

1987 - Cher, 'Moonstruck'

1988 - Jodie Foster, 'The Accused'

1989 - Jessica Tandy, 'Driving Miss Daisy'

1990 - Kathy Bates, 'Misery'

1991 - Jodie Foster, 'Silence of the Lambs'

1992 - Emma Thompson, 'Howards End'

1993 - Holly Hunter, 'The Piano'

1994 - Jessica Lange, 'Blue Sky'

1995 - Susan Sarandon, 'Dead Man Walking'

1996 - Frances McDormand, 'Fargo'

1997 - Helen Hunt, 'As Good As It Gets'

1998 - Gwyneth Paltrow, 'Shakespeare in Love'

1999 - Hilary Swank, 'Boys Don't Cry'

2000 - Julia Roberts,  'Erin Brockovich'

2001 - Halle Berry, 'Monster's Ball'

2002 - Nicole Kidman, 'Hours'

2003 - Charlize Thereon, 'Monster'

2004-Hilary Swank, ‘Million Dolar Baby’  

En İyi Erkek Oyuncu Oscarları

1927- 1928 - Emil Jannings, 'The Way of All Flesh'

1928 - 1929 - Warner Baxter, 'In Old Arizona'

1929 - 1930 - George Arliss, 'Disraeli'

1930 - 1931 - Lionel Barrymore, 'A Free Soul'

1931- 1932 - Wallace Beery, 'The Champ Fredric March Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde'

1932 - 1933 - Charles Laughton, 'The Private Life of Henry VIII'

1934 - Clark Gable, 'It Happened One Night'

1935 -Victor McLaglen, 'The Informer'

1936 - Paul Muni, 'The Story of Louis Pasteur'

1937 - Spencer Tracy, 'Captains Courageous'

1938 - Spencer Tracy, 'Boys Town'

1939 - Robert Donat, 'Goodbye, Mr Chips'

1940 - James Stewart, 'The Philadelphia Story'

1941 - Gary Cooper, 'Sergeant York'

1942 - James Cagney, 'Yankee Doodle Dandy'

1943 - Paul Lukas, 'Watch on the Rhine'

1944 - Bing Crosby, 'Going My Way'

1945 - Ray Milland, 'The Lost Weekend'

1946 - Fredric March, 'The Best Years of Our Lives'

1947 - Ronald Coleman, 'A Double Life'

1948 - Sir Laurence, 'Olivier Hamlet'

1949 - Broderick Crawford, 'All the King's Men'

1950 - José Ferrer, 'Cyrano de Bergerac'

1951 - Humphrey Bogart, 'The African Queen'

1952 - Gary Cooper, 'High Noon'

1953 - William Holden, 'Stalag 17'

1954 - Marlon Brando, 'On the Waterfront'

1955 - Ernest Borgnine, 'Marty'

1956 - Yul Brynner, 'The King and I'

1957 - Sir Alec Guinness, 'The Bridge on the River Kwai'

1958 - David Niven, 'Separate Tables'

1959 - Charlton Heston, 'Ben-Hur'

1960 - Burt Lancaster, 'Elmer Gantry'

1961 - Maximillian Schell, 'Judgement at Nuremberg'

1962 - Gregory Peck, 'To Kill a Mockingbird'

1963 - Sidney Pottier, 'Lilies of the Field'

1964 - Rex Harrison, 'My Fair Lady'

1965 - Lee Marvin, 'Cat Ballou'

1966 - Paul Scofield, 'A Man for all Seasons'

1967 - Rod Steiger, 'In the Heat of the Night'

1968 - Cliff Robertson, 'Charly'

1969 - John Wayne, 'True Grit'

1970 - George C. Scott, 'Platton'

1971 - Gene Hackman, 'The French Connection'

1972 - Marlon Brando, 'The Godfather'

1973 - Jack Lemmon, 'Save the Tiger'

1974 - Art Carney, 'Harry and Tonto'

1975 - Jack Nicholson, 'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'

1976 - Peter Finch, 'Network' 

1977 - Richard Dreyfuss, 'The Goodbye Girl'

1978 - Jon Voight, 'Coming Home'

1979 - Dustin Hoffman, 'Kramer vs. Kramer'

1980 - Robert De Niro, 'Raging Bull'

1981 - Henry Fonda, 'On Golden Pond'

1982 - Ben Kingsley, 'Gandhi'

1983 - Robert Duvall, 'Tender Mercies'

1984 - F. Murray, 'Abraham Amadeus'

1985 - William Hurt, 'Kiss of the Spider Woman'

1986 - Paul Newman, 'The Color of Money'

1987 - Michael Douglas, 'Wall Street'

1988 - Dustin Hoffman, 'Rain Man'

1989 - Daniel Day-Lewis, 'My Left Foot'

1990 - Jeremy Irons, 'Reversal of Fortune'

1991 - Anthony Hopkins, 'Silence of the Lambs'

1992 - Al Pacino, 'Scent of a Woman'

1993 - Tom Hanks, 'Philadelphia'

1994 - Tom Hanks, 'Forrest Gump'

1995 - Nicolas Cage, 'Leaving Las Vegas'

1996 - Geoffrey Rush, 'Shine'

1997 - Jack Nicholson, 'As Good As It Gets'

1998 - Roberto Benigni, 'Life is Beautiful'

1999 - Kevin Spacey, 'American Beauty'

2000 - Russel Crowe, 'Gladiator'

2001 - Denzel Washington, 'Training Day'

2002 - Adrian Brody, 'Pianist'

2003 - Sean Penn, 'Mystic River'

2004 - Jamie Fox, ‘Ray’

NOBEL ÖDÜLLERİ - KİMYA

 

1918 Fritz Haber (Almanya) 

1920 Walther Hermann Nernst (Almanya) 

1921 Frederick Soddy (Büyük Britanya) 

1922 Francis William Aston (Büyük Britanya)

1923 Fritz Pregl (Avusturya)

1925 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (Almanya)

1926 Theodor Svedberg (Isveç)

1927 Heinrich Otto Wieland (Almanya)

1928 Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (Almanya)

1929 Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (Isveç)

1929 Arthur Harden (Büyük Britanya) 

1930 Hans Fischer (Almanya)

1931 Friedrich Bergius (Almanya) 

1931 Carl Bosch (Almanya) 

1932 Irving Langmuir (ABD) 

1934 Harold Clayton Urey (ABD) 

1935 Frédéric Joliot (Fransa)

1935 Irène Joliot-Curie (Fransa)

1936 Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye (Hollanda)

1937 Sir Walter Norman Haworth (Büyük Britanya)

1937 Paul Karrer (Isviçre)

1938 Richard Kuhn (Almanya)

1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (Almanya)

1939 Leopold Ruzicka (Isviçre)

1943 Georg von Hevesy (Macaristan) 

1944 Otto Hahn (Almanya) 

1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (Finlandiya)

1946 John Howard Northrop (ABD) 

1946 Wendell Meredith Stanley (ABD) 

1946 James Batcheller Sumner (ABD) 

1947 Sir Robert Robinson (Büyük Britanya)

1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (Isveç)

1949 William Francis Giauque (ABD)

1950 Kurt Alder (Almanya)

1950 Otto Paul Hermann Diels (Almanya)

1951 Edwin Mattison McMillan (ABD) 

1951 Glenn Theodore Seaborg (ABD) 

1952 Archer John Porter Martin (Büyük Britanya) 

1952 Richard Laurence Millington Synge (Büyük Britanya)

1953 Hermann Staudinger (Almanya)

1954 Linus Carl Pauling (ABD) 

1955 Vincent du Vigneaud (ABD) 

1956 Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (Büyük Britanya)

1956 Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Sovyetler Birliği) 

1957 Lord Alexander Robertus Todd (Büyük Britanya) 

1958 Frederick Sanger (Büyük Britanya) 

1959 Jaroslav Heyrovsky (Çekoslovakya) 

1960 Willard Frank Libby (ABD) 

1961 Melvin Calvin (ABD) 

1962 Sir John Cowdery Kendrew (Büyük Britanya)

1962 Max Ferdinand Perutz (Büyük Britanya)

1963 Giulio Natta (Italya)

1963 Karl Ziegler (Almanya)

1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (Büyük Britanya)

1965 Robert Burns Woodward (ABD)

1966 Robert S. Mulliken (ABD)

1967 Manfred Eigen (Almanya)

1967 Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (ABD)

1967 Sir George Porter (Büyük Britanya)

1968 Lars Onsager (ABD)

1969 Sir Derek H. R. Barton (Büyük Britanya)

1969 Odd Hassel (Norveç)

1970 Luis Federico Leloir (Arjantin)

1971 Gerhard Herzberg (Kanada)

1972 Christian B. Anfinsen(ABD)

1972 Stanford Moore (ABD)

1972 William H. Stein (ABD)

1973 Ernst Otto Fischer (Almanya)

1973 Geoffrey Wilkinson (Büyük Britanya)

1974 Paul J. Flory (ABD)

1975 Sir John Warcup Cornforth (Avustralya/Büyük Britanya)

1975 Vladimir Prelog (Isviçre)

1976 William N. Lipscomb (ABD)

1977 Ilya Prigogine (Belçika)

1978 Peter Dennis Mitchell (Büyük Britanya)

1979 Herbert C. Brown (ABD)

1979 Georg Wittig (Almanya)

1980 Paul Berg (ABD)

1980 Walter Gilbert (ABD) 

1980 Frederick Sanger (Büyük Britanya)

1981 Kenichi Fukui (Japonya)

1981 Roald Hoffmann (ABD)

1982 Sir Aaron Klug (Büyük Britanya)

1983 Henry Taube (ABD)

1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield (ABD) 

1985 Herbert Aaron Hauptman (ABD)

1985 Jerome Karle (ABD) 

1986 Dudley R. Herschbach (ABD)

1986 Yuan Tseh Lee (ABD)

1986 John C. Polanyi (Kanada)

1987 Donald J. Cram (ABD)

1987 Jean-Marie Pierre Lehn (Fransa)

1987 Charles J. Pedersen (ABD)

1988 Johann Deisenhofer (Almanya)

1988 Robert Huber (Almanya)

1988 Hartmut Michel (Almanya)

1989 Sidney Altman (Kanada)

1989 Thomas Robert Cech (ABD)

1990 Elias James Corey (ABD)

1991 Richard R. Ernst (Isviçre)

1992 Rudolph Arthur Marcus (ABD) 

1993 Kary Banks Mullis (ABD) 

1993 Michael Smith (Kanada) 

1994 George A. Olah (ABD)

1995 Paul J. Crutzen (Hollanda) 

1995 Mario José Molina (Meksika) 

1995 Sherwood Frank Rowland (ABD) 

1996 Robert F. Curl jr. (ABD)

1996 Sir Harold W. Kroto (Büyük Britanya) 

1996 Richard E. Smalley (ABD)

1997 Paul D. Boyer (ABD)

1997 Jens C. Skou (Danimarka)

1997 John E. Walker (Büyük Britanya)

1998 Walter Kohn (ABD)

1998 John Anthony Pople (Büyük Britanya)

1999 Ahmet H. Zewail (Mısır) 

2000 Alan J. Heeger (ABD) 

2000 Alan G. MacDiarmid (ABD) 

2000 Hideki Shirakawa (Japonya) 

2001 William S.Knowles (ABD)

2001 Ryoji Noyori (Japonya) 

2001 K. Barry Sharpless (ABD) 

2002 John B. Fenn (ABD) 

2002 Koichi Tanaka (Japonya)

2002 Kurt Wüthrich (Isviçre) 

2003 Peter Agre (ABD)

2003 Roderick MacKinnon (ABD) 

2004 Aaron Ciechanover (Israil) 

2004 Avram Hershko (Israil) 

2004 Irwin Rose (Israil) 

NOBEL ÖDÜLLERİ-FİZİK

1902 Pieter Zeeman (Hollanda)

1903 Marie Curie (Fransa)

1903 Pierre Curie (Fransa)

1904 Lord John William Rayleigh (Büyük Britanya)

1905 Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard (Almanya)

1906 Sir Joseph John Thomson (Büyük Britanya)

1907 Albert A. Michelson (ABD)

1908 Gabriel Jonas Lippmann (Fransa)

1909 Karl Ferdinand Braun (Almanya)

1909 Guglielmo Marconi (Italiya)

1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Hollanda)

1911 Wilhelm Wien (Almanya)

1912 Nils Gustaf Dalén (Isveç)

1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Hollanda)

1914 Max von Laue (Almanya)

1915 Sir William Henry Bragg (Büyük Britanya)

1915 Sir William Lawrence Bragg (Büyük Britanya)

1917 Charles Glover Barkla (Büyük Britanya)

1918 Max Planck (Almanya)

1919 Johannes Stark (Almanya)

1920 Charles Édouard Guillaume (Fransa)

1921 Albert Einstein (Almanya)

1922 Niels Bohr (Danimarka)

1923 Robert Andrews Millikan (ABD)

1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn (Isveç)

1925 James Franck (Almanya)

1925 Gustav Hertz (Almanya)

1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin (Fransa)

1927 Arthur Holly Compton (ABD)

1927 Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (Büyük Britanya)

1928 Sir Owen Williams Richardson (Büyük Britanya)

1929 Prince Louis-Victor De Broglie (Fransa)

1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (Hindistan)

1932 Werner Heisenberg (Almanya)

1933 Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (Büyük Britanya)

1933 Erwin Schrödinger (Austria)

1935 Sir James Chadwick (Büyük Britanya)

1936 Carl David Anderson (ABD)

1936 Viktor Franz Hess (Avusturya)

1937 Clinton Joseph Davisson (ABD)

1937 Sir George Paget Thomson (Büyük Britanya)

1938 Enrico Fermi (Italya)

1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence (ABD)

1943 Otto Stern (ABD)

1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi (ABD)

1945 Wolfgang Pauli (Avusturya)

1946 Percy Williams Bridgman (ABD)

1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton (Büyük Britanya)

1948 Lord Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett (Büyük Britanya)

1949 Hideki Yukawa (Japonya)

1950 Cecil Frank Powell (Büyük Britanya)

1951 Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (Büyük Britanya)

1951 Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (Irlanda)

1952 Felix Bloch (ABD)

1952 Edward Mills Purcel (ABD)

1953 Frits Zernike (Hollanda)

1954 Max Born (Büyük Britanya)

1954 Walter Bothe (Almanya)

1955 Polykarp Kusch (ABD)

1955 Willis Eugene Lamb (ABD)

1956 John Bardeen (ABD)

1956 Walter Houser Brattain (ABD)

1956 William Shockley (ABD)

1957 Tsung Dao Lee (Çin)

1957 Chen Ning Yang (Çin)

1958 Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank (SSCB)

1958 Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (SSCB)

1958 Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (SSCB)

1959 Owen Chamberlain (ABD)

1959 Emilio Gino Segrè (ABD)

1960 Donald Arthur Glaser (ABD)

1961 Robert Hofstadter (ABD)

1961 Rudolf Ludwig Mößbauer (Almanya/ABD)

1962 Lev Davidovich Landau (SSCB)

1963 Maria Goeppert-Mayer (ABD)

1963 Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (ABD)

1963 Eugene Paul Wigner (ABD)

1964 Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov (SSCB)

1964 Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov (SSCB)

1964 Charles Hard Townes (ABD)

1965 Richard Feynman (ABD)

1965 Julian Schwinger (ABD)

1965 Shin-Ichiro Tomonaga (Japonya)

1966 Alfred Kastler (Fransa)

1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe (ABD)

1968 Luis Walter Alvarez (ABD)

1969 Murray Gell-Mann (ABD)

1970 Hannes Alfvén (Isveç)

1970 Louis Néel (Fransa)

1971 Dennis Gabor (Büyük Britanya)

1972 John Bardeen (ABD)

1972 Leon N. Cooper (ABD)

1972 John Robert Schrieffer (ABD)

1973 Leo Esaki (Japonya)

1973 Ivar Giaever (ABD)

1973 Brian Davon Josephson (Büyük Britanya)

1974 Antony Hewish (Büyük Britanya)

1974 Martin Ryle (Büyük Britanya)

1975 Aage Bohr (Danimarka)

1975 Ben Mottelson (Danimarka)

1975 Leo James Rainwater (ABD)

1976 Burton Richter (ABD)

1976 Samuel Chao Chung Ting (ABD)

1977 Philipp Warren Anderson (ABD)

1977 Nevill Francis Mott (Büyük Britanya)

1977 John Hasbrouk Van Vleck (ABD)

1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (SSCB)

1978 Arno Allen Penzias (ABD)

1978 Robert Woodrow Wilson (ABD)

1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow (ABD)

1979 Abdus Salam (Pakistan)

1979 Steven Weinberg (ABD)

1980 James Watson Cronin (ABD)

1980 Val Logsdon Fitch (ABD)

1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen (ABD)

1981 Arthur Leonard Schawlow (ABD)

1981 Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn (Isveç)

1982 Kenneth G. Wilson (ABD)

1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (ABD)

1983 William Alfred Fowler (ABD)

1984 Simon van der Meer (Hollanda)

1984 Carlo Rubbia (Italya)

1985 Klaus von Klitzing (Almanya)

1986 Gerd Karl Binnig (Almanya)

1986 Heinrich Rohrer (Isviçre)

1986 Ernst Ruska (Almanya)

1987 Johannes Georg Bednorz (Almanya)

1987 Karl Alexander Müller (Isviçre)

1988 Leon Max Lederman (ABD)

1988 Melvin Schwartz (ABD)

1988 Jack Steinberger (ABD)

1989 Hans Georg Dehmelt (Almanya)

1989 Wolfgang Paul (Almanya)

1989 Norman Foster Ramsey (ABD)

1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman (ABD)

1990 Henry Way Kendall (ABD)

1990 Richard Edward Taylor (Kanada)

1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (Fransa)

1992 Georges Charpak (Fransa)

1993 Russel Alan Hulse (ABD)

1993 Joseph Taylor (ABD) 

1994 Bertram Neville Brockhouse (Kanada)

1994 Clifford Glenwood Shull (ABD)

1995 Martin Lewis Perl (ABD)

1995 Frederick Reines (ABD)

1996 David Morries Lee (ABD)

1996 Douglas Dean Osheroff (ABD)

1996 Robert Coleman Richardson (ABD)

1997 Steven Chu (ABD)

1997 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Fransa)

1997 William Daniel Phillips (ABD)

1998 Robert Laughlin (ABD)

1998 Horst Ludwig Störmer (Almanya)

1998 Daniel Chee Tsui (ABD)

1999 Gerardus 't Hooft (Hollanda)

1999 Martinus J. G. Veltman (Hollanda)

2000 Zhores I. Alferov (SSCB)

2000 Jack St. Clair Kilby (ABD)

2000 Herbert Kroemer (Almanya)

2001 Eric A. Cornell (ABD)

2001 Wolfgang Ketterle (Almanya)

2001 Carl E. Wieman (ABD)

2002 Raymond Davis jr. (ABD)

2002 Masatoshi Koshiba (Japonya)

2002 Riccardo Giacconi (ABD)

2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov (Russia/USA)

2003 Vitaly L. Ginzburg (Russia)

2003 Anthony J. Leggett (Büyük Britanya)

2004 2David J. Gross (ABD)

2004 H. David Politzer (ABD)

2004 Frank Wilczek (ABD)

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